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  2. Stokes' theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes'_theorem

    An illustration of Stokes' theorem, with surface Σ, its boundary ∂Σ and the normal vector n.The direction of positive circulation of the bounding contour ∂Σ, and the direction n of positive flux through the surface Σ, are related by a right-hand-rule (i.e., the right hand the fingers circulate along ∂Σ and the thumb is directed along n).

  3. Generalized Stokes theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_Stokes_theorem

    In particular, the fundamental theorem of calculus is the special case where the manifold is a line segment, Green’s theorem and Stokes' theorem are the cases of a surface in or , and the divergence theorem is the case of a volume in . [2] Hence, the theorem is sometimes referred to as the fundamental theorem of multivariate calculus.

  4. Boundedly generated group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundedly_generated_group

    satisfies the first condition for a pseudocharacter since by the Stokes theorem () =, where Δ is the geodesic triangle with vertices z, g(z) and h −1 (z), and geodesics triangles have area bounded by π. The homogenized function

  5. Circulation (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_(physics)

    Circulation can be related to curl of a vector field V and, more specifically, to vorticity if the field is a fluid velocity field, =.. By Stokes' theorem, the flux of curl or vorticity vectors through a surface S is equal to the circulation around its perimeter, [4] = = =

  6. Stokes problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes_problem

    Stokes boundary layer due to the sinusoidal oscillation of the far-field flow velocity. The horizontal velocity is the blue line, and the corresponding horizontal particle excursions are the red dots.

  7. Exterior derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exterior_derivative

    The theorem of de Rham shows that this map is actually an isomorphism, a far-reaching generalization of the Poincaré lemma. As suggested by the generalized Stokes' theorem, the exterior derivative is the "dual" of the boundary map on singular simplices.

  8. Vertex (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_(geometry)

    In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet or intersect. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices.

  9. Navier–Stokes equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navier–Stokes_equations

    The Navier–Stokes equations (/ n æ v ˈ j eɪ s t oʊ k s / nav-YAY STOHKS) are partial differential equations which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances. They were named after French engineer and physicist Claude-Louis Navier and the Irish physicist and mathematician George Gabriel Stokes. They were developed over several decades ...