Ads
related to: phenol water treatment
Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 ml (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble. It is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2).
Phenol is a polar substance with a higher density than water (1.07 g/cm 3 [2] compared to water's 1.00 g/cm 3). When suspended in a water-phenol solution, denatured proteins and unwanted cell components dissolve in the phenol, while polar nucleic acids dissolve in the water phase. [3]
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), in a broad sense, are a set of chemical treatment procedures designed to remove organic (and sometimes inorganic) materials in water and wastewater by oxidation through reactions with hydroxyl radicals (·OH). [1]
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant.First produced in the 1930s, it is marketed under many trade names. [5] It can be found as pure PCP, or as the sodium salt of PCP, the latter of which dissolves easily in water.
The free radicals generated by this process engage in secondary reactions. For example, the hydroxyl is a powerful, non-selective oxidant. [6] Oxidation of an organic compound by Fenton's reagent is rapid and exothermic and results in the oxidation of contaminants to primarily carbon dioxide and water.
This mixture is then centrifuged. Because the phenol:chloroform mixture is immiscible with water, the centrifuge will cause two distinct phases to form: an upper aqueous phase, and a lower organic phase. The aqueous phase rises to the top because it is less dense than the organic phase containing the phenol:chloroform.
To a stirred solution of p-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol (152 mg, 1 mmol) and pyridine (0.3 mL) in acetonitrile (10 mL) at 0° was added a solution of IBTA (430 mg, 1 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes, diluted with water, and extracted with diethyl ether (3 × 10 mL).
Benzene can be easily converted to chlorobenzene by nucleophilic aromatic substitution via a benzyne intermediate. [1] It is treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C and 300 bar or molten sodium hydroxide at 350 °C to convert it to sodium phenoxide, which yields phenol upon acidification. [2]
Ads
related to: phenol water treatment