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Crystal structure of CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 perovskites (X=I, Br and/or Cl). The methylammonium cation (CH 3 NH 3 +) is surrounded by PbX 6 octahedra. [13]The name "perovskite solar cell" is derived from the ABX 3 crystal structure of the absorber materials, referred to as perovskite structure, where A and B are cations and X is an anion.
Methylammonium lead halides (MALHs) are solid compounds with perovskite structure and a chemical formula of [CH 3 NH 3] + Pb 2+ (X −) 3, where X = Cl, Br or I. They have potential applications in solar cells , [ 2 ] lasers , light-emitting diodes , photodetectors , radiation detectors, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] scintillator , [ 5 ] magneto-optical data ...
Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases are a type of perovskite structure that consists of two-dimensional perovskite-like slabs interleaved with cations.The general formula of an RP phase is A n+1 B n X 3n+1, where A and B are cations, X is an anion (e.g., oxygen), and n is the number of octahedral layers in the perovskite-like stack. [1]
A tin-based perovskite solar cell (TPSCs) is a special type of perovskite solar cell, based on a tin perovskite structure (ASnX 3, where 'A' is a monovalent organic or inorganic cation (e.g., formamidinium (FA⁺), methylammonium (MA⁺), or cesium (Cs⁺)), tin is in its Sn (II) oxidation state and 'X' is a monovalent halogen anion (I⁻, Br⁻, Cl⁻) [1] [2] [3].
Perovskite structures are adopted by many compounds that have the chemical formula ABX 3. 'A' and 'B' are positively charged ions (i.e. cations), often of very different sizes, and X is a negatively charged ion (an anion, frequently oxide) that bonds to both cations.
Perovskite (pronunciation: / p ə ˈ r ɒ v s k aɪ t /) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula Ca Ti O 3).Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO 3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A 2+ B 4+ (X 2−) 3. [6]
It was originally only used to describe the perovskite ABO 3 structure, but now tolerance factors are also used for ilmenite. [2] Alternatively the tolerance factor can be used to calculate the compatibility of an ion with a crystal structure. [3] The first description of the tolerance factor for perovskite was made by Victor Moritz Goldschmidt ...
Organozincs are moisture and air sensitive, so the Negishi coupling must be performed in an oxygen and water free environment, a fact that has hindered its use relative to other cross-coupling reactions that require less robust conditions (i.e. Suzuki reaction). However, organozincs are more reactive than both organostannanes and organoborates ...