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Peripheral neuropathy may first be considered when an individual reports symptoms of numbness, tingling, and pain in feet. After ruling out a lesion in the central nervous system as a cause, a diagnosis may be made on the basis of symptoms, laboratory and additional testing, clinical history, and a detailed examination.
Peripheral mononeuropathy is a nerve related disease where a single nerve, that is used to transport messages from the brain to the peripheral body, is diseased or damaged. [1] Peripheral neuropathy is a general term that indicates any disorder of the peripheral nervous system . [ 2 ]
Peripheral neuropathy is associated with a sensory loss in a "glove and stocking" distribution that begins at the peripheral and slowly progresses upwards, and may also be associated with acute and chronic pain. Peripheral neuropathy is not just limited to the somatosensory nerves, but the autonomic nervous system too (autonomic neuropathy). [8]
A loss of inhibitory neurons, GAD65/67 expression (the enzymes that synthesise GABA; the predominant inhibitory transmitter in the adult brain), has been observed in some systems following peripheral neuropathy such as in rats, and mice. [83] However, these observations remain controversial with some investigators unable to detect a change.
Sensory neuronopathy (also known as sensory ganglionopathy) is a type of peripheral neuropathy that results primarily in sensory symptoms (such as parasthesias, pain or ataxia) due to destruction of nerve cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion. [1]
Distal axonopathy, is the result of interrupted function of the peripheral nerves. [9] It is the most common response of neurons to metabolic or toxic disturbances, and may be caused by metabolic diseases such as diabetes , kidney failure , connective tissue disease , deficiency syndromes such as malnutrition and alcoholism , or the effects of ...
In 1982 Lewis et al. reported a group of patients with a chronic asymmetrical sensorimotor neuropathy mostly affecting the arms with multifocal involvement of peripheral nerves. [47] Also in 1982 Dyck et al reported a response to prednisolone to a condition they referred to as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. [ 48 ]
Central pain syndrome, also known as central neuropathic pain, [1] is a neurological condition consisting of constant moderate to severe pain due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS) which causes a sensitization of the pain system. [2] [3] The extent of pain and the areas affected are related to the cause of the injury. [4]
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