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There are two modes of GFP: Generic Framing Procedure - Framed (GFP-F) and Generic Framing Procedure - Transparent (GFP-T): GFP-F maps each client frame into a single GFP frame. GFP-F is used where the client signal is framed or packetized by the client protocol. GFP-T, on the other hand, allows the mapping of multiple 8B/10B block-coded client ...
The Synchronous Transport Module, level 1 (STM-1) frame is the basic transmission format for SDH—the first level of the synchronous digital hierarchy. The STM-1 frame is transmitted in exactly 125 μs , therefore, there are 8,000 frames per second on a 155.52 Mbit/s OC-3 fiber-optic circuit.
After traversing SDH paths, the traffic is processed in the reverse fashion: virtual concatenation path processing to recreate the original synchronous byte stream, followed by decapsulation to converting the synchronous data stream to an asynchronous stream of Ethernet frames. The SDH paths may be VC-4, VC-3, VC-12 or VC-11 paths.
The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. Higher levels go up by a factor of 4 at a time: the other currently supported levels are STM-4 , STM-16 , STM-64 and STM-256 .
EoPoS is a standardized method for transporting native Ethernet frames over a SONET/SDH network, by first mapping into one or more PDH tributaries such as T1, E1, or DS3. The tributaries can then be dropped from a legacy ADM , delivered to the customer premises, and the PDH links resolved back to an Ethernet connection by a piece of equipment ...
The Virtual Concatenation is specified in ITU-T Recommendations G.707 (2007) [1] and G.783 (2006). [2] Virtual Concatenation is used to split Sonet/SDH bandwidth up into right-sized groups. These virtually concatenated groups can be used to support different customers and services and bill accordingly.
The STM-4 (Synchronous Transport Module) is a SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 622.080 Mbit/s. It has a bit rate of 622.080 Mbit/s. The STM-4 specification is designed to carry 7,680 8-bit "voice" frames every 125 micro-seconds for a total payload bit rate of 491.520 Mbit/s.
Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) is a concept for the evolution of transport networks which allows for dynamic policy-driven control of an optical or SDH network based on signaling between a user and components of the network. [1] Its aim is to automate the resource and connection management within the network.