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Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hindi and Urdu in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
Supplementing these are two consonants that are internal developments in specific word-medial contexts, [21] and seven consonants originally found in loan words, whose expression is dependent on factors such as status (class, education, etc.) and cultural register (Modern Standard Hindi vs Urdu).
In Urdu: ab, adab, agar, ahmaq, kam. i I Sounds like English i in bit, hit. In Urdu: kari, giri, ajnabi, bha'i. u U Sounds like English u in pull, bull. In Urdu: Urdu, uda's, umda, ungli. Note: In traditional Urdu script these vowels sounds are not represented by any letters of alphabet. They are often omitted or sometimes represented by signs ...
Many of the Hindi and Urdu equivalents have originated from Sanskrit; see List of English words of Sanskrit origin. Many loanwords are of Persian origin; see List of English words of Persian origin, with some of the latter being in turn of Arabic or Turkic origin. In some cases words have entered the English language by multiple routes ...
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The Urdu alphabet (Urdu: اُردُو حُرُوفِ تَہَجِّی, romanized: urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has co-official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
And, please consider not to list the meanings of your example words anymore — we are discussing phonetics, and we know, in the environment of the four-way plosives of HU, any difference of voiceless/voiced or aspiration may lead to a different word. "Actually most Hindi-Urdu–learning native English speakers tend to pronounce all voiceless ...