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Gonan-3-ol, the simplest sterol. A sterol is any organic compound with a skeleton closely related to cholestan-3-ol. The simplest sterol is gonan-3-ol, which has a formula of C 17 H 28 O, and is derived from that of gonane by replacement of a hydrogen atom on C3 position by a hydroxyl group. It is therefore an alcohol of gonane. [1] [2] [3]
Ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol) is a sterol found in fungi, and named after ergot, the common name of members of the fungal genus Claviceps from which ergosterol was first isolated. Ergosterol is a component of yeast and other fungal cell membranes, serving many of the same functions that cholesterol serves in animal cells. [1]
Stigmasterol is a food additive in manufactured food products in the United Kingdom and European Union. [7]It was introduced as a precursor by Percy Lavon Julian for industrial large-scale manufacture of semisynthetic progesterone, [8] [9] [10] a valuable human hormone that plays an important physiological role in the regulatory and tissue rebuilding mechanisms related to estrogen effects, as ...
Similar to sterol esters and stanol esters, stigmastanol inhibits the absorption of cholesterol from the diet. [2] [3] [4] Animal studies suggest that it also inhibits biosynthesis of cholesterol in the liver. [2] [verification needed] Stigmastanol is the product of the reduction of β-sitosterol [5] and the hydrogenation of stigmasterol. [6]
Sterol carrier proteins (also known as nonspecific lipid transfer proteins) is a family of proteins that transfer steroids and probably also phospholipids and gangliosides between cellular membranes. These proteins are different from plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins but structurally similar to small proteins of unknown function from ...
Plant sterols are cholesterol-like molecules found in all plant foods, with the highest concentrations occurring in vegetable oils. Plant sterols are plant equivalents of cholesterol and have a very similar molecular structure. According to their structure, they can be divided into sterols and stanols, stanols being a saturated subgroup of sterols.
The molecular mechanisms regulating the absorption of dietary sterols in the body are poorly understood, and as sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessively inherited lipid metabolic disorder characterized by hyperabsorption and decreased biliary excretion of dietary sterols, studies have focused on the molecular basis of sitosterolemia to shed light on important principles concerning ...
Squalene monooxygenase (also called squalene epoxidase) is a eukaryotic enzyme that uses NADPH and diatomic oxygen to oxidize squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene (squalene epoxide). ). Squalene epoxidase catalyzes the first oxygenation step in sterol biosynthesis and is thought to be one of the rate-limiting enzymes in this pathwa