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Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running, jumping and throwing. [1] The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross-country running, and racewalking.
An ancient Greece vase from 600 BC depicting a running contest An early model of hurdling at the Detroit Athletic Club in 1888 Panathenaic Stadium in Athens, one of the first modern track and field stadiums American athlete Jim Thorpe lost his Olympic medals after taking expense money prior to the 1912 Summer Olympics for playing baseball, a violation of Olympic amateurism rules.
The dimensions of the track and equipment used must conform to standards. In road events, the course must be accurately measured, by a certified measurer. Except in road events ( road running and race walking ), the performance must be set in a single-sex race, [ 2 ] with the sole exception of the mixed-sex 4 × 400 m relay, introduced by World ...
Key No longer contested at the Summer Olympics Men's records Usain Bolt currently holds three Olympic records; two individually in the 100m & 200m, and one with the Jamaican 4 × 100 m relay team. Ethiopian long-distance runner Kenenisa Bekele holds the Olympic record in the 5,000 m. ♦ denotes a performance that is also a current world record. Statistics are correct as of August 5, 2024 ...
During running, the speed at which the runner moves may be calculated by multiplying the cadence (steps per minute) by the stride length. Running is often measured in terms of pace, [54] expressed in units of minutes per mile or minutes per kilometer (the inverse of speed, in mph or km/h). Some coaches advocate training at a combination of ...
Amphorae show some ball games were played in a piggy-back style where one person was carried on the back of the other. [36] Exercising with a small ball at any pace and using any desired rules and techniques, solitarily or with others. [37] Sky ball, a player throws a ball into the air, and he and other players try to catch it.
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Runners may attempt to advance from base to base on any fair ball that touches the ground. When a ball is hit in the air (i.e., a fly ball) and caught by the defending team, runners must return and touch the base they occupy—called tagging up—after the ball is first touched by a fielder. Once they do this, they may attempt to advance at ...