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In matrix theory and combinatorics, a Pascal matrix is a matrix (possibly infinite) containing the binomial coefficients as its elements. It is thus an encoding of Pascal's triangle in matrix form. There are three natural ways to achieve this: as a lower-triangular matrix , an upper-triangular matrix , or a symmetric matrix .
Jia Xian triangle (Pascal's triangle) using rod numerals, as depicted in a publication of Zhu Shijie in 1303 AD. Yang Hui referred to Jia Xian's Shi Suo Suan Shu in the Yongle Encyclopedia Jia Xian ( simplified Chinese : 贾宪 ; traditional Chinese : 賈憲 ; pinyin : Jiǎ Xiàn ; Wade–Giles : Chia Hsien ; ca. 1010–1070) was a Chinese ...
The earliest extant Chinese illustration of 'Pascal's triangle' is from Yang's book Xiángjiě Jiǔzhāng Suànfǎ (詳解九章算法) [1] of 1261 AD, in which Yang acknowledged that his method of finding square roots and cubic roots using "Yang Hui's Triangle" was invented by mathematician Jia Xian [2] who expounded it around 1100 AD, about 500 years before Pascal.
In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is an infinite triangular array of the binomial coefficients which play a crucial role in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra.In much of the Western world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in Persia, [1] India, [2] China, Germany, and Italy.
which can be used to prove by mathematical induction that () is a natural number for all integer n ≥ 0 and all integer k, a fact that is not immediately obvious from formula (1). To the left and right of Pascal's triangle, the entries (shown as blanks) are all zero. Pascal's rule also gives rise to Pascal's triangle:
The first five layers of Pascal's 3-simplex (Pascal's pyramid). Each face (orange grid) is Pascal's 2-simplex (Pascal's triangle). Arrows show derivation of two example terms. In mathematics, Pascal's simplex is a generalisation of Pascal's triangle into arbitrary number of dimensions, based on the multinomial theorem.
The Pascal distribution (after Blaise Pascal) and Polya distribution (for George Pólya) are special cases of the negative binomial distribution. A convention among engineers, climatologists, and others is to use "negative binomial" or "Pascal" for the case of an integer-valued stopping-time parameter ( r {\displaystyle r} ) and use "Polya" for ...
In mathematics, Pascal's rule (or Pascal's formula) is a combinatorial identity about binomial coefficients.It states that for positive natural numbers n and k, + = (), where () is a binomial coefficient; one interpretation of the coefficient of the x k term in the expansion of (1 + x) n.