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2. Composite number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_number

   [1] [2] Every positive integer is composite, prime, or the unit 1, so the composite numbers are exactly the numbers that are not prime and not a unit. [3] [4] E.g., the integer 14 is a composite number because it is the product of the two smaller integers 2 × 7 but the integers 2 and 3 are not because each can only be divided by one and itself.

3. Number theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_theory

   Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions.German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics."

4. Grimm's conjecture - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimm's_conjecture

   In number theory, Grimm's conjecture (named after Carl Albert Grimm, 1 April 1926 – 2 January 2018) states that to each element of a set of consecutive composite numbers one can assign a distinct prime that divides it.

5. Coin problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_problem

   Only lines with n = 1 or 3 have no points (red). In mathematics , the coin problem (also referred to as the Frobenius coin problem or Frobenius problem , after the mathematician Ferdinand Frobenius ) is a mathematical problem that asks for the largest monetary amount that cannot be obtained using only coins of specified denominations . [ 1 ]

6. Sieve of Eratosthenes - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes

   Sieve of Eratosthenes: algorithm steps for primes below 121 (including optimization of starting from prime's square). In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes is an ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit.

7. Outline of arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_arithmetic

   Fraction – A number that is not whole, often shown as a division equation Decimal fraction – Representation of a fraction in the form of a number; Proper fraction – Fraction with a numerator that is less than the denominator; Improper fraction – Fractions with a numerator that is any number; Ratio – Showing how much one number can go ...