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Since the machine code emitted by a dynamic compiler is constructed and optimized at program runtime, the use of dynamic compilation enables optimizations for efficiency not available to statically-compiled programs (i.e. those compiled by a so-called "batch compiler", as written below) except through code duplication or metaprogramming.
C compilers do not name mangle symbols in the way that C++ compilers do. [20] Depending on the compiler and architecture, it also may be the case that calling conventions differ between the two languages. For these reasons, for C++ code to call a C function foo(), the C++ code must prototype foo() with extern "C".
The use of templates as a metaprogramming technique requires two distinct operations: a template must be defined, and a defined template must be instantiated.The generic form of the generated source code is described in the template definition, and when the template is instantiated, the generic form in the template is used to generate a specific set of source code.
Translation units define a scope, roughly file scope, and functioning similarly to module scope; in C terminology this is referred to as internal linkage, which is one of the two forms of linkage in C. Names (functions and variables) declared outside of a function block may be visible either only within a given translation unit, in which case they are said to have internal linkage – they are ...
The Metacode extension to C++ (Vandevoorde 2003) [1] was an early experimental system to allow compile-time function evaluation (CTFE) and code injection as an improved syntax for C++ template metaprogramming. In earlier versions of C++, template metaprogramming is often used to compute values at compile time, such as:
C11 mainly standardizes features already supported by common contemporary compilers, and includes a detailed memory model to better support multiple threads of execution. Due to delayed availability of conforming C99 implementations, C11 makes certain features optional, to make it easier to comply with the core language standard.
[1] [2] [3] Link time occurs after compile time and before runtime (when a program is executed). It is common to speak of link time operations (the operations performed by a linker) or link time requirements ( programming language requirements that must be met by compiled source code for it to be successfully linked).
Most compilers have at least the following compiler phases (which therefore occur at compile-time): syntax analysis, semantic analysis, and code generation.During optimization phases, constant expressions in the source code can also be evaluated at compile-time using compile-time execution, which reduces the constant expressions to a single value.