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  2. Hindustani grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar

    Compound verbs, a highly visible feature of Hindi–Urdu grammar, consist of a verbal stem plus a light verb. The light verb (also called "subsidiary", "explicator verb", and "vector" [ 55 ] ) loses its own independent meaning and instead "lends a certain shade of meaning" [ 56 ] to the main or stem verb, which "comprises the lexical core of ...

  3. Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daṇḍa_(Hindu_punishment)

    Daṇḍa" (Sanskrit: दण्ड, literally 'stick', 'staff', or 'rod', an ancient symbol of authority) [1] is the Hindu term for punishment. In ancient India, the ruler generally sanctioned punishments but other legal officials could also play a part. Punishments were handed out in response to criminal activity.

  4. Hindustani declension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_declension

    Hindi-Urdu, also known as Hindustani, has three noun cases (nominative, oblique, and vocative) [1] [2] and five pronoun cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, and oblique). The oblique case in pronouns has three subdivisions: Regular, Ergative , and Genitive .

  5. Naraka - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraka

    After the period of punishment is complete, they are reborn on earth [17] in human or bestial bodies. [18] Therefore, Naraka is not an abode of everlasting punishment. Yama Loka is the abode of Yama. Yama is also referred to as the Dharmaraja, or the king of dharma; Yama Loka may be compared to a temporary purgatorium for sinners (papi).

  6. Samhita - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhita

    Samhita is a Sanskrit word from the prefix sam (सम्), 'together', and hita (हित), the past participle of the verbal root dhā (धा) 'put'. [4] [5] The combination word thus means "put together, joined, compose, arrangement, place together, union", something that agrees or conforms to a principle such as dharma or in accordance with justice, and "connected with". [1]

  7. Kamta Prasad Guru - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamta_Prasad_Guru

    Kamta Prasad Guru (1875 – 16 November 1947) was an expert on grammar of Hindi language. He was the author of the book Hindi vyakarana. He was born in Sagar, which is today in Madhya Pradesh state in India. His Hindi grammar book has been translated into many foreign languages. Kamta Prasad Guru died in Jabalpur.

  8. Hindustani phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_phonology

    Supplementing these are two consonants that are internal developments in specific word-medial contexts, [21] and seven consonants originally found in loan words, whose expression is dependent on factors such as status (class, education, etc.) and cultural register (Modern Standard Hindi vs Urdu).

  9. Sit-ups (punishment) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit-ups_(punishment)

    The sit-ups punishment (Uthak Baithak) is a form of punishment given in schools of Indian subcontinent, specially in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan. In this punishment, one has to sit down and stand up continuously and count the number of sit-ups. Students do sit-ups while holding their ears with their hands.