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Intermittent hypoxic therapy, also known as intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), is a technique aimed at improving human performance by way of adaptation to reduced oxygen. An IHT session consists of an interval of several minutes breathing hypoxic (low oxygen) air, alternated with intervals breathing ambient (normoxic) or hyperoxic air.
Intermittent hypoxia (also known as episodic hypoxia) is an intervention in which a person or animal undergoes alternating periods of normoxia and hypoxia. Normoxia is defined as exposure to oxygen levels normally found in Earth's atmosphere (~21% O 2 ) and hypoxia as any oxygen levels lower than those of normoxia.
Hypoxic Training Index (HTi) can be used to measure the delivered therapeutic dosage over the training session. The underlying mechanisms of adaptation to mild, non-damaging, short-term (minutes) hypoxic stress (also called - intermittent hypoxic training ) are complex and diverse, [ 2 ] but are part of normal physiology and are opposite to ...
Mild, non-damaging intermittent hypoxia is used intentionally during altitude training to develop an athletic performance adaptation at both the systemic and cellular level. [5] Hypoxia is a common complication of preterm birth in newborn infants.
Hypoventilation training is a physical training method in which periods of exercise with reduced breathing frequency are interspersed with periods with normal breathing. The hypoventilation technique consists of short breath holdings and can be performed in different types of exercise: running, cycling , swimming, rowing , skating , etc.
HTi : Hypoxic Training index, t : period of time, and SpO2 (t) : SpO2 (%), arterial oxygen saturation value measured at one-second intervals. How the HTi is calculated: Only part of the IHT session is shown, the targeted SpO2 value is 80% as an example. The filled part of the SpO2 graph represents the amount of hypoxia delivered, “dosage”.
Hypoventilation is not synonymous with respiratory arrest, in which breathing ceases entirely and death occurs within minutes due to hypoxia and leads rapidly into complete anoxia, although both are medical emergencies. Hypoventilation can be considered a precursor to hypoxia, and its lethality is attributed to hypoxia with carbon dioxide toxicity.
The Buteyko method emphasizes the role of carbon dioxide and hyperventilation in respiratory diseases as well as overall health. It is known that hyperventilation can lead to low carbon dioxide levels in the blood (or hypocapnea), which can subsequently lead to disturbances of the acid-base balance in the blood and lower tissue oxygen levels.