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In economics, the new international division of labour (NIDL) is an outcome of globalization.The term was coined by theorists seeking to explain the spatial shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries to developing countries—an ongoing geographic reorganisation of production, which finds its origins in ideas about a global division of labor. [1]
John Maynard Keynes (right) and Harry Dexter White at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944. The post-war displacement of Keynesianism was a series of events which from mostly unobserved beginnings in the late 1940s, had by the early 1980s led to the replacement of Keynesian economics as the leading theoretical influence on economic life in the developed world.
[1] [2] The Manifesto Against Work emerged during the time in which the New Labour ideology spread across Europe in the late 1990s. The writing is based on the thesis that the work-society has come to an end, but that this end is paradoxically accompanied by an increased radicalisation of waged work and the social phenomena related to it.
During the war, as Germany acquired control of new territories (by direct annexation, by military administration, or by installing puppet governments in defeated countries), these new territories were forced by the Nazi administration to sell raw materials and agricultural products to German buyers at extremely low prices.
M Weiss and M Schmidt, Labour Law and Industrial Relations in Germany (4th edn Kluwer 2008) A Junker, Grundkurs Arbeitsrecht (3rd edn 2004) O Kahn-Freund, R Lewis and J Clark (ed) Labour Law and Politics in the Weimar Republic (Social Science Research Council 1981) ch 3, 108-161; F Ebke and MW Finkin, Introduction to German Law (1996) ch 11, 305
From the late 1950s, West Germany had one of the world's strongest economies. The East German economy also showed strong growth, but not as much as in West Germany, due to the bureaucratic system, emigration of working-age East Germans to West Germany, and materiel sent as reparations to the USSR. Unemployment hit a record low of 0.7–0.8% in ...
Progressives have long demanded a citizenship law that acknowledges the reality that Germany has been an ethnically diverse multicultural society since guest workers from Italy and Turkey first ...
After World War II, many countries adopted policies of economic liberalization in order to stimulate their economies.. The period directly after the war did not see many, the most notable exception being West Germany's reforms of 1948, which set the stage for the Wirtschaftswunder in the 1950s and helped inform many of the liberalisations that were to come.