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Reflection seismology, more commonly referred to as "seismic reflection" or abbreviated to "seismic" within the hydrocarbon industry, is used by petroleum geologists and geophysicists to map and interpret potential petroleum reservoirs. The size and scale of seismic surveys has increased alongside the significant increases in computer power ...
Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) are, on seismic reflection profiles, shallow seismic reflection events, characterized by their reflection geometry similar to seafloor bathymetry. [1]. They have, however, the opposite reflection polarity to the seabed reflection, [1] and frequently intersect the primary reflections. [2]
In comparison to the typical seismic reflection survey, which is restricted to relatively small incidence angles due to the limited offsets between source and receiver, wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) data are acquired with long offsets, allowing the recording of both refracted and wide-angle reflection arrivals. [1] [2]
Modern seismic reflection surveys are designed and acquired in such a way that the same point on the subsurface is sampled multiple times, with each sample having a different source and receiver location. The seismic data is then carefully processed to preserve seismic amplitudes and accurately determine the spatial coordinates of each sample.
The need for migration has been understood since the beginnings of seismic exploration and the very first seismic reflection data from 1921 were migrated. [5] Computational migration algorithms have been around for many years but they have only entered wide usage in the past 20 years because they are extremely resource-intensive.
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An air gun seismic source (30 litre) A seismic source is a device that generates controlled seismic energy used to perform both reflection and refraction seismic surveys. A seismic source can be simple, such as dynamite, or it can use more sophisticated technology, such as a specialized air gun.
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