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Drug tolerance is indicative of drug use but is not necessarily associated with drug dependence or addiction. [4] The process of tolerance development is reversible (e.g., through a drug holiday [5]) and can involve both physiological factors and psychological factors. [6] One may also develop drug tolerance to side effects, [7] in which case ...
The cognitive urge and automaticity model is a prominent cognitive theory of addiction and purposes that behaviors associated with substance administration become automatic and cues can trigger such automatized behaviors. [2] This model is consistent with addiction models that emphasize habit-like processes.
Conditioned behavior is a key part of substance addiction. [1] This response has many implications. For instance, a drug user will be most tolerant to the drug in the presence of cues that have been associated with it, because such cues elicit compensatory responses.
This model classifies addiction as a diagnosable disease just as cancer or diabetes. It attributes addiction to a chemical imbalance in an individual's brain associated with genetics or environmental factors. [3] The other model is the choice model of addiction, which contends that addiction is a result of voluntary actions rather than brain ...
Information processing theory is the approach to the study of cognitive development evolved out of the American experimental tradition in psychology. Developmental psychologists who adopt the information processing perspective account for mental development in terms of maturational changes in basic components of a child's mind .
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...
A Agreeableness (friendly/compassionate vs. challenging/detached) N Neuroticism (sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident) Data analysis demonstrated that higher scores for N and O, and lower scores for C and A, lead to increased risk of drug use. [47] [48] Users of different drugs have different five factor personality profiles. [49]
addiction – a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of drugs (including alcohol) despite substantial harm and adverse consequences addictive drug – psychoactive substances that with repeated use are associated with significantly higher rates of substance use disorders, due in large part to the drug's effect on brain ...