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Molecular symmetry in physics and chemistry describes the symmetry present in molecules and the classification of molecules according to their symmetry. Molecular symmetry is a fundamental concept in the application of quantum mechanics in physics and chemistry, for example, it can be used to predict or explain many of a molecule's properties, such as its dipole moment and its allowed ...
In chemistry, molecular symmetry describes the symmetry present in molecules and the classification of these molecules according to their symmetry. Molecular symmetry is a fundamental concept in chemistry, as it can be used to predict or explain many of a molecule's chemical properties , such as whether or not it has a dipole moment , as well ...
It takes place in any polyatomic system and influences many molecular properties, including the existence of stable excited states of molecular systems that are unstable in the ground state (e.g., excited states of intermediates of chemical reactions); in general, even in the absence of instability the PJTE softens the ground state and ...
In chemistry, sigma bonds (σ bonds) or sigma overlap are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond. [1] They are formed by head-on overlapping between atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis. Sigma bonding is most simply defined for diatomic molecules using the language and tools of symmetry groups. In this formal approach, a σ-bond is ...
The Laporte rule (law) applies to electric dipole transitions, so the operator has u symmetry (meaning ungerade, odd). [3] p orbitals also have u symmetry, so the symmetry of the transition moment function is given by the product (formally, the product is taken in the group) u×u×u, which has u symmetry. The transitions are therefore forbidden.
A diatomic molecular orbital diagram is used to understand the bonding of a diatomic molecule. MO diagrams can be used to deduce magnetic properties of a molecule and how they change with ionization. They also give insight to the bond order of the molecule, how many bonds are shared between the two atoms. [12]
For heteronuclear diatomic molecules, the u/g symbol does not correspond to any exact symmetry of the electronic molecular Hamiltonian. In the case of less symmetric molecules the molecular term symbol contains the symbol of the group representation to which the molecular electronic state belongs. It has the general form:
Hydrogen molecular ion H + 2 with clamped nuclei A and B, internuclear distance R and plane of symmetry M. The electronic Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen molecular ion H + 2 with two fixed nuclear centers, labeled A and B, and one electron can be written as