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Perirenal fat is most abundant upon the posterior aspect, inferior pole and along the lateral margins of the kidney. [5] Anterior pararenal space. Bounded by the posterior layer of peritoneum and the anterior leaf of the renal fascia. It contains the following structures: Pancreas; Ascending and descending colon; Duodenum; Posterior pararenal space
The renal fascia is a dense, elastic connective tissue envelope enclosing the kidney and adrenal gland, together with the layer of perirenal fat surrounding these two. [1]The renal fascia separates the adipose capsule of kidney from the overlying pararenal fat.
The renal capsule is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a layer of perirenal fat known as the adipose capsule of kidney. The adipose capsule is sometimes included in the structure of the renal capsule. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. The renal capsule is surrounded by the renal fascia.
The peritoneal cavity is widely used in intraperitoneal injections to administer chemotherapy drugs, [5] [6] and is also utilized in peritoneal dialysis. [7] An increase in capillary pressure in the abdominal organs can cause fluid to leave the interstitial space and enter the peritoneal cavity, resulting in a condition called ascites.
To the left side of the duodenojejunal flexure, recesses or fossae may be created by peritoneal folds. [2]The paraduodenal recess proper is situated posterior to the superior extremity of the inferior mesenteric vein.
The retroperitoneum or retroperitnium is an anatomical region that includes the peritoneum-covered organs and tissues that make up the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic space - which extends behind to the abdominal cavity. Definitions vary and can also can include the region of the wall of the pelvic basin.
Visceral fat is composed of several adipose depots, including mesenteric, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), and perirenal depots. Visceral fat is often expressed in terms of its area in cm 2 (VFA, visceral fat area). [13] An excess of visceral fat is known as abdominal obesity, or "belly fat", in which the abdomen protrudes excessively.
The anatomy of the human urinary system differs between males and females at the level of the urinary bladder. In males, the urethra begins at the internal urethral orifice in the trigone of the bladder, continues through the external urethral orifice, and then becomes the prostatic, membranous, bulbar, and penile urethra.