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Electoral fraud in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں انتخابی دھاندلی) has history intertwined with military interventions and legal obstacles against political dissenters, impacting the democratic process. [1]
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
The Holy Qur'án (The treasure of faith) Kanzul Iman (Urdu), Rendered into English, Professor Shah Faridul Haque. [2] [3] Other translation was completed by Professor Hanif Akhtar Fatmi. [4] Aqib Farid Qadri recently published a third translation. In Dutch. De Heilige Qoraan, Rendered into Dutch by Goelam Rasoel Alladien [5] In Turkish
According to her definition, speed money "means petty bribes that businesses or citizens pay to bureaucrats to get around hurdles or speed things up." This is the kind of corruption associated with the "efficient grease hypothesis," which economists found burdensome to businesses in practice. [23]
The similar crime of fraud is the crime of deceiving another, including through the use of objects obtained through forgery. Forgery is one of the techniques of fraud, including identity theft. Forgery is one of the threats addressed by security engineering.
Agha Hasan Abedi was born in Lucknow, British India, to a Urdu Speaking Muhajir middle class family with members who served as advisors and courtiers to the Nawab of Awadh. [4] He received a master's degree in English literature and a law degree from Lucknow University. [6] Abedi migrated to Pakistan after the creation of Pakistan in 1947. [4]
Section 380(1) of the Criminal Code provides the general definition of fraud in Canada: 380. (1) Every one who, by deceit, falsehood or other fraudulent means, whether or not it is a false pretence within the meaning of this Act, defrauds the public or any person, whether ascertained or not, of any property, money or valuable security or any ...
The Ehtesab Act, 1997 established an Ehtesab Cell, charged with the investigation and prosecution of corruption. [1]Under the National Accountability Ordinance, 1999, the NAB was established as the cell's successor, and given the additional responsibility of preventing and raising awareness of corruption. [2]