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Coronary ischemia, myocardial ischemia, [1] or cardiac ischemia, [2] is a medical term for abnormally reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation through the coronary arteries. [3] Coronary ischemia is linked to heart disease, and heart attacks. [4] Coronary arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. [5]
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle. [1] The most common symptom is retrosternal chest pain or discomfort that classically radiates to the left shoulder, arm, or jaw. [1]
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is a type of non- ischemic cardiomyopathy in which there is a sudden temporary weakening of the muscular portion of the heart. [4] It usually appears after a significant stressor, either physical or emotional; when caused by the latter, the condition is ...
Coronary thrombosis is most commonly caused as a downstream effect of atherosclerosis, a buildup of cholesterol and fats in the artery walls. The smaller vessel diameter allows less blood to flow and facilitates progression to a myocardial infarction. Leading risk factors for coronary thrombosis are high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ...
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. [8] Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp chest pain, which may also be felt in the shoulders, neck, or back. [1] The pain is typically less severe when sitting up and more severe when lying down or breathing deeply. [1]
Unstable angina. Chest pain or chest discomfort at rest or minimal exertion, or a new onset chest pain or discomfort on exertion. Unstable angina is a type of angina pectoris [1] that is irregular or more easily provoked. [2] It is classified as a type of acute coronary syndrome.
Issues with the esophagus can also cause sensations of chest pain and discomfort. That can be due to food getting stuck on its way down, inflammation of the lining of the esophagus or muscle ...
a reduction of blood flow to the heart that can be caused by stenosis, spasm, or acute occlusion (by an embolus) of the heart's arteries. resistance of the blood vessels. This can be caused by narrowing of the blood vessels; a decrease in radius. [32] Blood flow is proportional to the radius of the artery to the fourth power.