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Lift-induced drag, induced drag, vortex drag, or sometimes drag due to lift, in aerodynamics, is an aerodynamic drag force that occurs whenever a moving object redirects the airflow coming at it. This drag force occurs in airplanes due to wings or a lifting body redirecting air to cause lift and also in cars with airfoil wings that redirect air ...
The Kammback presented a partial solution to the problem of aerodynamic lift, which was becoming severe as sports car racing speeds increased during the 1950s. The design paradigm of sloping the tail to reduce drag was carried to an extreme on cars such as the Cunningham C-5R , [ 14 ] resulting in an airfoil effect lifting the rear of the car ...
In aerodynamics, aerodynamic drag, also known as air resistance, is the fluid drag force that acts on any moving solid body in the direction of the air's freestream flow. [ 23 ] From the body's perspective (near-field approach), the drag results from forces due to pressure distributions over the body surface, symbolized D p r {\displaystyle D ...
is the drag coefficient – a dimensionless coefficient related to the object's geometry and taking into account both skin friction and form drag. If the fluid is a liquid, c d {\displaystyle c_{\rm {d}}} depends on the Reynolds number ; if the fluid is a gas, c d {\displaystyle c_{\rm {d}}} depends on both the Reynolds number and the Mach number .
Parasitic drag, also known as profile drag, [1]: 254 [2]: 256 is a type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is a combination of form drag and skin friction drag. [3] [1]: 641–642 [4]: 19 It affects all objects regardless of whether they are capable of generating lift.
D is the vehicle's aerodynamic drag; L is its aerodynamic lift; r is the radial distance to the planet's center; and; g is the gravitational acceleration at altitude. Mass decreases as propellant is consumed and rocket stages, engines or tanks are shed (if applicable).
The aerodynamic efficiency has a maximum value, E max, respect to C L where the tangent line from the coordinate origin touches the drag coefficient equation plot. The drag coefficient, C D , can be decomposed in two ways.
Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.