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The Szondi test is a 1935 nonverbal projective personality test developed by Léopold Szondi. [1] [2] He theorized people's decisions are determined by genetically coded preferences ("drives") that untimately shape their entire life ("fate"/"destiny"), and these unconscious preferences can be uncovered through the subject's attraction to photographs of similar individuals.
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. [1] [2] Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
There are two basic approaches; the structural approach and process model. These models both provide an explanation for the appraisal of emotions and explain in different ways how emotions can develop. In the absence of physiological arousal we decide how to feel about a situation after we have interpreted and explained the phenomena.
Sommer argued that "the book has the potential to serve as an invaluable guide for psychologists and other scholars who are aware of the increasing crisis and lack of orientation within modern academic psychology." [6] Critics Mitchell G. Ash, Horst Gundlach and Thomas Sturm negatively reviewed the book in American Journal of Psychology in 2010 ...
Rosen coined the word in 1975 in a book review for The Boston Phoenix, then featured it in a cover story for the magazine New Times titled "Psychobabble: The New Language of Candor." [ 5 ] His book Psychobabble explores the dramatic expansion of psychological treatments and terminology in both professional and non-professional settings.
Ludwig von Bertalanffy's organismic psychology within his general systems theory [2] Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development; Heinz Werner's orthogenetic principle of development; Andras Angyal's biospheric model of personality; Abraham Maslow's holistic-dynamic theory; Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy and actualizing tendency
Exemplar Theory is often contrasted with prototype theory, which proposes another method of categorization.Recently the adoption of both prototypes and exemplars based representations and categorization has been implemented in a cognitively inspired artificial system called DUAL PECCS (Dual Prototypes and Exemplars based Conceptual Categorization System) that, due to this integration, has ...
The practice of symbolic modeling is built upon a foundation of two complementary theories: the metaphors by which we live, [2] and the models by which we create. It regards the individual as a self-organizing system that encodes much of the meaning of feelings, thoughts, beliefs, experiences etc. in the embodied mind as metaphors. [3]