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One key point is that although treatment can help reduce intraocular pressure, which is the only risk factor that can be modified, and early treatment of patients with ocular hypertension has appeared to reduce glaucoma incidence, treatments might not eliminate the possibility of still getting glaucoma.
The word glaucoma comes from the Ancient Greek word γλαυκός (glaukós), meaning 'gleaming, blue-green, gray'. There are different types of glaucoma, but the most common are called open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma. [7] Inside the eye, a liquid called aqueous humor helps to maintain shape and provides nutrients.
Sometimes glaucoma may occur without increased intraocular pressure also. [6] Some glaucomas (e.g. open angle glaucoma) cause gradual loss of vision and some others (e.g. angle closure glaucoma) cause sudden loss of vision. [6] It is one of the leading cause of blindness worldwide. [2]
Currently, the best sign of pediatric glaucoma is an IOP of 21 mm Hg or greater present within a child. [63] One of the most common causes of pediatric glaucoma is cataract removal surgery, which leads to an incidence rate of about 12.2% among infants and 58.7% among 10-year-olds. [63]
Because uveitic glaucoma is a progressive stage of anterior non infectious uveitis, uveitic glaucoma involves signs and symptoms of both glaucoma and uveitis.. Patients with acute non infectious anterior uveitis may experience the following symptoms: pain, blurry vision, headache, photophobia (discomfort or pain due to light exposure), or the observance of haloes around lights.
The normal cup-to-disc ratio is less than 0.5. A large cup-to-disc ratio may imply glaucoma or other pathology. [3] However, cupping by itself is not indicative of glaucoma. Rather, it is an increase in cupping as the patient ages that is an indicator for glaucoma. Deep but stable cupping can occur due to hereditary factors without glaucoma.
Secondary hemorrhage, or rebleeding of the hyphema, is thought to worsen outcomes in terms of visual function and lead to complications such as glaucoma, corneal staining, optic atrophy, or vision loss. [1] Rebleeding occurs in 4–35% of hyphema cases and is a risk factor for glaucoma. [4]
Aphakic and pseudophakic glaucoma: Aphakic glaucoma is a common side-effect of cataract surgery which causes an increase in IOP. [2] Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma: Corticosteroids is a risk factor for the development of secondary glaucoma, as there had been increased IOP observed as a drug side-effect. [2]