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This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics. Many industrial, military or otherwise professional tubes were also produced.
Most post-war European thermionic valve (vacuum tube) manufacturers have used the Mullard–Philips tube designation naming scheme. Special quality variants may have the letter "S" appended, or the device description letters may be swapped with the numerals (e.g. an E82CC is a special quality version of an ECC82)
Military specification 6V6 tubes and their equivalents. American military services contracted tubes from many sources through the U.S. War Department. They used a Joint Army-Navy Nomenclature System (AN System. JAN) Most of these tubes bear the JAN marking as well as a VT number (VT = vacuum tube). 3106 - 6V6 tube made in East Germany.
Later thermionic vacuum tubes, mostly miniature style, some with top cap connections for higher voltages. A vacuum tube, electron tube, [1] [2] [3] valve (British usage), or tube (North America) [4] is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.
In Europe, the principal method of numbering vacuum tubes ("thermionic valves") was the nomenclature used by the Philips company and its subsidiaries Mullard in the UK, Valvo (de, it) in Germany, Radiotechnique (Miniwatt-Dario brand) in France, and Amperex in the United States, from 1934 on.
However, many specialised Russian tubes, such as special military or transmitter tubes, do not follow the above convention. Some of the better-known Russian equivalents of West European and American tubes are the 6P14P (Russian: 6П14П), an EL84; 6N8S (Russian: 6Н8С), a 6SN7; and 6P3S-E (Russian: 6П3С-Е), a version of the 6L6.
Wherever possible, the 12V equivalent of a 6V tube had the same letters, just 12 instead of 6. L as a first letter often indicates a lock-in (Loktal) tube. P as a second letter from the end indicates a CRT. S as a first letter indicates single-ended tubes, related to grid-cap tubes. S as a second letter indicates single-ended tubes.
The EF86 [1] is a high transconductance sharp cutoff pentode vacuum tube with Noval (B9A) base for audio-frequency applications. It was introduced by the Mullard company in 1953 [2] and was produced by Philips, Mullard, Telefunken, Valvo, and GEC among others. It is very similar electrically to the octal base EF37A and the Rimlock base EF40.
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