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Cohen's kappa measures the agreement between two raters who each classify N items into C mutually exclusive categories. The definition of is =, where p o is the relative observed agreement among raters, and p e is the hypothetical probability of chance agreement, using the observed data to calculate the probabilities of each observer randomly selecting each category.
Random variables are usually written in upper case Roman letters, such as or and so on. Random variables, in this context, usually refer to something in words, such as "the height of a subject" for a continuous variable, or "the number of cars in the school car park" for a discrete variable, or "the colour of the next bicycle" for a categorical variable.
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It is the coefficient of the x k term in the polynomial expansion of the binomial power (1 + x) n; this coefficient can be computed by the multiplicative formula ( n k ) = n × ( n − 1 ) × ⋯ × ( n − k + 1 ) k × ( k − 1 ) × ⋯ × 1 , {\displaystyle {\binom {n}{k}}={\frac {n\times (n-1)\times \cdots \times (n-k+1)}{k\times (k-1 ...
In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
Probability density functions of the order statistics for a sample of size n = 5 from an exponential distribution with unit scale parameter In statistics , the k th order statistic of a statistical sample is equal to its k th-smallest value. [ 1 ]
Except for the most common symbols such as letters, numerals, and basic punctuation, rendering of Unicode mathematical symbols can be inconsistent in size or alignment where fallback fonts do not match, and some readers may not have any font which includes certain uncommon symbols. Spaces within a formula must be directly managed (for example ...