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Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have anxiolytic effects; however, side effects are often more troubling or severe and overdose is dangerous. They are considered effective, but have generally been replaced by antidepressants that cause different adverse effects.
Side effects can differ within the drug class due to differences in metabolism and pharmacology. For example, long-acting benzodiazepines have problems of drug accumulation especially in the elderly or those with liver disease, and shorter-acting benzodiazepines have a higher risk of more severe withdrawal symptoms.
Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969. Clobazam was originally marketed as an anxioselective anxiolytic since 1970, [4] [5] and an anticonvulsant since 1984. [6] The primary drug-development goal was to provide greater anxiolytic, anti-obsessive efficacy with fewer benzodiazepine-related side effects. [4]
Side effects of etifoxine include slight drowsiness and headache. [2] [9] Rarely, etifoxine can cause benign skin eruptions or rashes and allergic reactions such as hives and angioedema. [2] [8] [1] Etifoxine shows less adverse effects of anterograde amnesia, sedation, impaired psychomotor performance, and withdrawal syndromes than those of ...
Side effects of azapirones may include dizziness, headaches, restlessness, nausea, and diarrhea. [4] [22]Azapirones have more tolerable adverse effects than many other available anxiolytics, such as benzodiazepines or SSRIs.
It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is typically taken orally (swallowed by mouth) but is also used intravenously. [11] [13] Effects begin within one hour and last between eight and twelve hours in adults. [9] [1]
The inhibitory effect of the available GABA is potentiated, leading to sedative and anxiolytic effects. For instance, those ligands with high activity at the α 1 are associated with stronger hypnotic effects, whereas those with higher affinity for GABA A receptors containing α 2 and/or α 3 subunits have good anti-anxiety activity. [178]
Phenibut, sold under the brand name Anvifen among others, [1] is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant with anxiolytic effects, and is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and for a variety of other indications. [5] It is usually taken orally (swallowed by mouth), but may be given intravenously. [6] [5]
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