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As Pope, Benedict's rarely used full title was: His Holiness Benedict XVI, Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the Vatican City State, Servant of the servants of God. [298]
All members have militaries, except for Iceland, which does not have a typical army (but it does have a coast guard and a small unit of civilian specialists for NATO operations). Three of NATO's members are nuclear weapons states: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO has 12 original founding member states.
On 11 February 2013, Benedict XVI announced his resignation from the papacy effective 28 February 2013 at 20:00 local time (19:00 UTC). [2] [3] [4] He was the first pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415, [5] and the first to do so of his own volition since Celestine V in 1294. [6] [7]
In the book, Francis revealed previously confidential details about the 2005 conclave that elected Benedict pope and the 2013 ballot in which he himself was elected, saying he was allowed to ...
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, the German theologian who will be remembered as the first pope in 600 years to resign, has died, the Vatican announced Saturday. He was 95. (AP Photo/Pier Paolo Cito, File)
The Rise of Benedict XVI: The inside story of how the pope was elected and where it will take the Catholic Church. Doubleday Religion. ISBN 0-385-51320-8. Greeley, Andrew M. (2005). The Making of the Pope: 2005. Brown, Little. ISBN 0-316-86149-9. Weigel, George (2005). God's Choice: Pope Benedict XVI and the Future of the Catholic Church ...
Benedict XVI, the former pope who upended centuries of tradition by resigning as pontiff, has died at 95. ... Ratzinger saw their disrespect and unruliness as part and parcel of a general societal ...
Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized. SS. Pietro e Cesareo in Terracina, the site of the first papal election outside Rome The 1119 papal election took place in Cluny Abbey as a result of the expulsion of Pope Gelasius II from Rome by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor following the Investiture Controversy.