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Nathanael is usually identified with Bartholomew the Apostle mentioned in the Synoptic Gospels and Acts 1:13. [2] [8] The reason for this identification is Bartholomew being a surname (Nathanael Bar-Tolmai; meaning Nathanael, son of Tolmai), and because Bartholomew and Philip are always paired together in the synoptic gospels. [9]
Bartholomew [a] was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Most scholars today identify Bartholomew as Nathanael, [6] who appears in the Gospel of John (1:45–51; cf. 21:2). [7] [8] [9] Bartholomew the Apostle, detail of the mosaic in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, 6th century
Philip seeks out Nathanael, and likely found him at Cana of Galilee, the native place of Nathanael (John 21:2). There are a variety of opinions on who exactly Nathanael is. However, according to Lapide most believe he is the Apostle Bartholomew. First, because the other gospels always join Philip and Bartholomew.
Fig leaves then signify sins; and Nathanael, when he was under the fig tree, was under the shadow of death: so that our Lord seemeth to say, O Israel, whoever of you is without guile, O people of the Jewish faith, before that I called thee by My Apostles, when thou wert as yet under the shadow of death, and sawest Me not, I saw thee." [2]
Chrysostom: "That our Lord then had this knowledge, had penetrated into his mind, had not blamed but praised his hesitation, proved to Nathanael that He was the true Christ: Nathanael answered and saith unto Him, Rabbi, Thou art the Son of God, Thou art the King of Israel: as if he said, Thou art He who was expected, thou art He who was sought ...
In the Gospel of John the first disciples are also disciples of John the Baptist and one of them is identified as Andrew, the brother of Apostle Peter: The next day John was there again with two of his disciples. When he saw Jesus passing by, he said, "Look, the Lamb of God!" When the two disciples heard him say this, they followed Jesus…
Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile! The New International Version translates the passage as: When Jesus saw Nathanael approaching, he said of him, "Here is a true Israelite, in whom there is nothing false."
Chrysostom: "Nathanael knew from the Scriptures, that Christ was to come from Bethlehem, according to the prophecy of Micah, And thou, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah,—out of thee shall come a Governor, that shall rule my people Israel . On hearing of Nazareth, then, he doubted, and was not able to reconcile Philip's tidings with prophecy.