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A formal system of equalization payments was first introduced in 1957. [7] [ Notes 1]. The original program had the goal of giving each province the same per-capita revenue as the two wealthiest provinces, Ontario and British Columbia, in three tax bases: personal income taxes, corporate income taxes and succession duties (inheritance taxes).
Level of government Total expenditure Per-capita expenditure Fiscal year Source 1 Canada: Federal 338,500,000,000 2018-19 [1] 2 Ontario: Provincial 158,464,500,000
The Canadian federal government announced in 2023-24, $94.6 billion to transfer to the provinces and territories through major transfers (Canada Health Transfer, Canada Social Transfer, Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing), direct targeted support and trust funds), a $7 billion increase from the previous year, 2022-23.
Income taxes in Canada constitute the majority of the annual revenues of the Government of Canada, and of the governments of the Provinces of Canada. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2018, the federal government collected just over three times more revenue from personal income taxes than it did from corporate income taxes .
The Parliament of Canada is the legislative body of the government of Canada. The Parliament is composed of the House of Commons (lower house), the Senate (upper house), and the sovereign, represented by the governor general. Most major legislation originates from the House, as it is the only body that is directly elected.
The federal government charges the bulk of income taxes with the provinces charging a somewhat lower percentage, except in Quebec. Income taxes throughout Canada are progressive with the high income residents paying a higher percentage than the low income. [31]
While Canada's ten provinces and three territories exhibit high per capita GDPs, there is wide variation among them. Ontario , the country's most populous province, is a major manufacturing and trade hub with extensive linkages to the northeastern and midwestern United States .
For the analysis of income, Statistics Canada distinguishes between the following statistical units: Households: "a person or group of persons who occupy the same dwelling" [ 1 ] Economic families: "two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law union, adoption or a foster ...