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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.
The Ranson criteria form a clinical prediction rule for predicting the prognosis and mortality risk of acute pancreatitis. They were introduced in 1974 by the English - American pancreatic expert and surgeon Dr. John Ranson (1938–1995).
Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. [1] The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormones. [1] There are two main types: acute pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis. [1] Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea and ...
In patients with PBM, regardless of the presence of biliary dilatation, acute pancreatitis is more common in children (30% of patients) than in adults (9%). [7] Although pancreatitis is often mild with subtle imaging findings, it can also be recurrent. [8] One possible cause of acute pancreatitis linked to PBM is protein plugs. [9]
[citation needed] A systematic review of clinical trials concluded that a previous history of PEP or pancreatitis significantly increases the risk for PEP to 17.8% and to 5.5% respectively. [20] [21] Intestinal perforation is a risk of any gastroenterologic endoscopic procedure, and is an additional risk if a sphincterotomy is performed.
Autoimmune pancreatitis may cause a variety of symptoms and signs, which include pancreatic and biliary (bile duct) manifestations, as well as systemic effects of the disease. Two-thirds of patients present with either painless jaundice due to bile duct obstruction or a "mass" in the head of the pancreas, mimicking carcinoma.
[4] [7] Common complications after surgery include pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula, abscess, and pseudocyst formation. [2] Initial management of hemorrhage includes controlling it by packing the wound. [5] [7]
Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas that alters the organ's normal structure and functions. [1] It can present as episodes of acute inflammation in a previously injured pancreas , or as chronic damage with persistent pain or malabsorption .