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The earliest caravels appeared in the thirteenth century along the coasts of Galicia and Portugal as single-masted fishing vessels. [4] They were small, lightly built vessels of up to 20 tons at most, carrying, in one example, a crew of five men. Evidence suggests that these were open boats. They carried a single-masted, triangular lateen sail rig.
The caravel was a ship developed by the Portuguese in the 13th century, being used for fishing and cargo work. It was well suited to some of the exploration activity in the Age of Discovery and was used from about 1440 in this activity.
The design was initially built by the Sailstar Boat Company in the United States and sold as the Caravel 22. When Bristol Yachts acquired Sailstar in 1971 the design was produced as the Bristol Caravel 22. A total of 325 boats were built from 1968 until 1978, but it is now out of production. [1] [3] [4] [5]
From Middle English carvel, carvelle, carvile, kervel (“small ship; caravel”); from Old French caruelle, carvelle, kirvelle. [3] The term was used in English when caravels became popular in Northern European waters from c. 1440 onwards, and the method of hull construction took the name of the first vessel type made in that way in English and European shipyards.
Caravels are unique because they are an ‘evolved’ ship. They started as a small, open boat that was used by coastal merchants and fisherman. Once the boat started to be used for more than trade and fishing, it was realized that it needed to be built for the sea rather than cargo. The nau was built with more beams.
Matthew was a caravel sailed by John Cabot in 1497 from Bristol to Newfoundland, North America. There are two modern replicas – one in Bristol , England (built 1994–1996) and one in Bonavista , Newfoundland (built 1997–1998).
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