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Most are non-infectious, although there are some non-communicable infectious diseases, such as parasitic diseases in which the parasite's life cycle does not include direct host-to-host transmission. The four main NCDs that are the leading causes of death globally are cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes.
Recent advances in psychological, medical, and physiological research have led to a new way of thinking about health and illness. This conceptualization, which has been labeled the biopsychosocial model, views health and illness as the product of a combination of factors including biological characteristics (e.g., genetic predisposition), behavioral factors (e.g., lifestyle, stress, health ...
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens. [8] [9] It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, [10] and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer.
Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious diseases when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. All contagious diseases are infectious, but not vice versa.
narrow definition of health: that a state of health is always the absence of a definable illness; individualistic: that sources of ill health are always in the individual, and not the environment which health occurs; treatment versus prevention: that the focus of health is on diagnosis and treatment of illness, not prevention
Some popular topics that are covered by medical anthropology are mental health, sexual health, pregnancy and birth, aging, addiction, nutrition, disabilities, infectious disease, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), global epidemics and disaster management. [citation needed]
In the discussion of non-infectious diseases, a sporadic disease is a non-communicable disease (such as cancer) which occurs in people without any family history of that disease or without any inherited genetic predisposition for the disease (change in DNA which increases the risk of having that disease). [5] Sporadic non-infectious diseases ...
Nosophobia, also known as disease phobia [1] or illness anxiety disorder, [2] is the irrational fear of contracting a disease, a type of specific phobia.Primary fears of this kind are fear of contracting HIV infection (AIDS phobia or HIV serophobia), [3] pulmonary tuberculosis (phthisiophobia), [4] sexually transmitted infections (syphilophobia or venereophobia), [5] cancer (carcinophobia ...