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  2. Scutum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutum

    Roman Military Equipment: Roman Shields; Lacus Curtius Online—University of Chicago; for online translations of Plutarch, Polybius, Cassius Dio and other antique authors "Roman Legion Shield Patterns" (group). Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. For the study and photographs of Roman legion and auxillia shield and painting patterns

  3. Scutum from Dura-Europos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutum_from_Dura-Europos

    The scutum from Dura-Europos is the only surviving semi-cylindrical shield from Roman times. It is now in the Yale University Art Gallery (inventory number 1933.715). The shield was found in the excavation campaign of 1928/37 on Tower 19 of Dura-Europos (in present-day Syria). [1]

  4. Ancile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancile

    Ancient shield illustration from Nordisk familjebok In ancient Rome , the ancilia ( Latin , singular ancile ) were twelve sacred shields kept in the Temple of Mars . According to legend , one divine shield fell from heaven during the reign of Numa Pompilius , the second king of Rome .

  5. Testudo formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testudo_formation

    In the testudo formation, the men would align their shields to form a packed formation covered with shields on the front and top. [1] The first row of men, possibly excluding the men on the flanks, would hold their shields from about the height of their shins to their eyes, so as to cover the formation's front.

  6. Parma (shield) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma_(shield)

    The parmula was the shield used by thraex gladiators. It was also used by the Roman vexilliferi or flag bearers that carried the standard that marked the cohort, as well as by most early auxiliaries. In the Pyrrhic dance it was raised above the head and struck with a sword so as to emit a loud ringing noise.

  7. Shield wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_wall

    The Roman scutum was a large shield designed to fit with others to form a shield wall but not overlap. Roman legions used an extreme type of shield wall called a testudo formation that covered front, sides and above. In this formation, the outside ranks formed a dense vertical shield wall and inside ranks held shields over their heads, thus ...

  8. Homeric shield from Dura-Europos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeric_Shield_from_Dura...

    The Homeric shield is one of three figural painted shields found together in an embankment within a Roman garrison during the excavations of Dura-Europos. Dura-Europos was a border city of various empires throughout antiquity, and in modern archaeology is noteworthy for its large amount of well-preserved artifacts.

  9. Clipeus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipeus

    Clipeus of Iupiter-Ammon, conserved at the Museu Nacional Arqueològic de Tarragona A Victorian depiction of a hoplite with a clipeus. In the military of classical antiquity, a clipeus (Latin: [ˈklɪpeʊs̠]; Ancient Greek: ἀσπίς) was a large shield worn by the Greek hoplites and Romans as a piece of defensive armor, which they carried upon the arm, to protect them from the blows of ...