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The degree of polymerization, or DP, is the number of monomeric units in a macromolecule or polymer or oligomer molecule. [1] [2] [3]For a homopolymer, there is only one type of monomeric unit and the number-average degree of polymerization is given by ¯ ¯ = ¯, where ¯ is the number-average molecular weight and is the molecular weight of the monomer unit.
Chemical structure of an example triglyceride. Neutral fats, also known as true fats, are simple lipids that are produced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol like glycerol.
There is some evidence also that further amounts of these partial glycerides may be formed during the preparation of certain foods. Therefore, apart from any addition of these substances to food for technological purposes, they will always be present in the food as consumed.” [9] Mono- and diglycerides may contain small amounts of trans fat ...
A double bond is located on the x th carbon–carbon bond, counting from the methyl end of the molecule backbone. For example, α-linolenic acid is classified as a n −3 or omega−3 fatty acid, and so it is likely to share a biosynthetic pathway with other compounds of this type.
Monofunctional monomers do not exist as such molecules lead to a chain termination. [6] From the average functionality of the used monomers the reaching of the gel point can be calculated as a function of reaction progress. [7] Side reactions may increase or decrease the functionality. [8]
The mass-average molecular mass, M w, is also related to the fractional monomer conversion, p, in step-growth polymerization (for the simplest case of linear polymers formed from two monomers in equimolar quantities) as per Carothers' equation: ¯ = + ¯ = (+), where M o is the molecular mass of the repeating unit.
A young adult human's fat stores average between about 15–20 kg (33–44 lb), but varies greatly depending on age, sex, and individual disposition. [10] In contrast, the human body stores only about 400 g (0.9 lb) of glycogen , of which 300 g (0.7 lb) is locked inside the skeletal muscles and is unavailable to the body as a whole.
Other monomer units, such as formaldehyde hydrates or simple aldehydes, are able to polymerize themselves at quite low temperatures (ca. −80 °C) to form trimers; [3] molecules consisting of 3 monomer units, which can cyclize to form ring cyclic structures, or undergo further reactions to form tetramers, [3] or 4 monomer-unit compounds.