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Freshwater acidification is primarily caused by sulfur oxides (SO x) and nitrogen oxides (NO x) entering the water from atmospheric depositions and soil leaching. [1] Carbonic acid and dissolved carbon dioxide can also enter freshwaters, in a similar manner associated with runoff, through carbon dioxide-rich soils. [ 1 ]
Common chemical stresses on freshwater ecosystem health include acidification, eutrophication and copper and pesticide contamination. [25] Freshwater biodiversity faces many threats. [26] The World Wide Fund for Nature's Living Planet Index noted an 83% decline in the populations of freshwater vertebrates between 1970 and 2014. [27]
Freshwater acidification can cause aluminium toxicity and mortality of pH-sensitive fish species. Because marine systems are generally nitrogen-limited, excessive N inputs can result in water quality degradation due to toxic algal blooms, oxygen deficiency, habitat loss, decreases in biodiversity , and fishery losses.
Acidification may refer to: Ocean acidification, decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans; Freshwater acidification, atmospheric depositions and soil leaching of SOx and NOx; Soil acidification, buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the soil pH; Souring, a cooking technique
Freshwater salinization is the process of salty runoff contaminating freshwater ecosystems, which can harm aquatic species in certain quantities and contaminate drinking water. [1] It is often measured by the increased amount of dissolved minerals than what is considered usual for the area being observed. [ 2 ]
Increased dissolution of carbonate rock by acidification from acid rain and mining has contributed to increased alkalinity concentrations in some major rivers throughout the eastern U.S. [7] The following reaction shows how acid rain, containing sulfuric acid, can have the effect of increasing river alkalinity by increasing the amount of ...
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Freshwater environmental quality parameters are those chemical, physical and biological parameters that can be used to characterise a freshwater body. Because almost all water bodies are dynamic in their composition, the relevant quality parameters are typically expressed as a range of expected concentrations.