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Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. [2] [3] Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution; although, only in a few cases are genes the primary cause of obesity. [4] [5]
In the United States, the prevalence of obese or overweight adult dogs is 23–53%, of which about 5% are obese; [22] [23] the incidence in adult cats is 55%, [23] of which about 8% are obese. [22] In Australia, obesity is the most common nutritional disease of pets; [24] the prevalence of obesity in dogs in Australia is approximately 40%. [14]
The diet-induced obesity model (DIO model) is an animal model used to study obesity using animals that have obesity caused by being fed high-fat or high-density diets. [1] It is intended to mimic the most common cause of obesity in humans. [2] Typically mice, rats, dogs, or non-human primates are used in these models.
Obesity in pets is common in many countries. In the United States, 23–41% of dogs are overweight, and about 5.1% are obese. [286] The rate of obesity in cats was slightly higher at 6.4%. [286] In Australia, the rate of obesity among dogs in a veterinary setting has been found to be 7.6%. [287]
As with humans, obesity can cause numerous health problems in dogs (although dogs are much less susceptible to the common cardiac and arterial consequences of obesity than humans are). According to a study published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine , the prevalence of obesity in dogs is between 22 and 40 percent.
Prentice et al. [17] predicted that the emerging molecular genetics field would ultimately provide a way to test between the adaptive 'thrifty gene' idea and the non-adaptive 'drifty gene' idea because it would be possible to find signatures of positive selection in the human genome, at genes that are linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes ...
Monogenic obesity is excess weight caused by a mutation in a single gene, as opposed to syndromic obesity not tied to a single gene variation and most obesity, which is caused by multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Monogenetic obesity mostly affects the hypothalamus and leptin–melanocortin system (see hypothalamic obesity ...
Analysis of the pedigree using the principles of Mendelian inheritance can determine whether a trait has a dominant or recessive pattern of inheritance. Pedigrees are often constructed after a family member afflicted with a genetic disorder has been identified. This individual, known as the proband, is indicated on the pedigree by an arrow. [5]