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A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle, hypothesized to explain anomalous volcanism. [2] Because the plume head partially melts on reaching shallow depths, a plume is often invoked as the cause of volcanic hotspots, such as Hawaii or Iceland, and large igneous provinces such as the Deccan and Siberian Traps.
If LLSVPs represent purely thermal unconformities, then they may have formed as large mantle plumes of hot, upwelling mantle. However, geodynamical studies predict that isochemical upwelling of a hotter, lower viscosity material should produce long, narrow plumes, [13] unlike the large, wide plumes seen in LLSVPs. It is important to remember ...
An example of plume locations suggested by one recent group. [38] Figure from Foulger (2010). [3] Many different localities have been suggested to be underlain by mantle plumes, and scientists cannot agree on a definitive list. Some scientists suggest that several tens of plumes exist, [38] whereas others suggest that there are none. [3]
The convective circulation drives up-wellings and down-wellings in Earth's mantle that are reflected in local surface levels. Hot mantle materials rising up in a plume can spread out radially beneath the tectonic plate causing regions of uplift. [13] These ascending plumes play an important role in LIP formation.
After 60 years of trying, geologists finally pried rocks from Earth's upper mantle. That's huge for so many reasons.
One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. [2] The alternative plate theory is that the mantle source beneath a hotspot is not anomalously hot, rather the crust above is unusually weak or thin, so that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow ...
This model is strongly based on the results of global seismic tomography models, which typically show slab and plume-like anomalies crossing the mantle transition zone. Although it is accepted that subducting slabs cross the mantle transition zone and descend into the lower mantle, debate about the existence and continuity of plumes persists ...
The ash is sucked into the engines, where it is melted by the heat of the engine, Power said. The melted ash then coats the inside of the engine, ultimately leading to engine failure.