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The autoclave was invented by Charles Chamberland in 1879, [3] although a precursor known as the steam digester was created by Denis Papin in 1679. [4] The name comes from Greek auto-, ultimately meaning self, and Latin clavis meaning key, thus a self-locking device. [5] Video demonstrating how autoclaves work
AAC blocks on a residential house construction site in Russia. AAC is a concrete-based material used for both exterior and interior construction. [23] One of its advantages is quick and easy installation because the material can be routed, sanded, or cut to size on-site using a hand saw and standard power tools with carbon steel cutters. [2]
The upper mould is installed, and the vacuum is applied to the mould cavity. The assembly is placed into an autoclave. This process is generally performed at both elevated pressure and elevated temperature. The use of elevated pressure facilitates a high fibre volume fraction and low void content for maximum structural efficiency. [1] [2]
Biological indicators can also be used to independently confirm autoclave performance. Simple biological indicator devices are commercially available, based on microbial spores. Most contain spores of the heat-resistant microbe Geobacillus stearothermophilus (formerly Bacillus stearothermophilus), which is extremely resistant to steam ...
A waste autoclave is a form of solid waste treatment that uses heat, steam and pressure of an industrial autoclave in the processing of waste. Waste autoclaves process waste either in batches or in continuous-flow processes. In batch processes, saturated steam is pumped into the autoclave at temperatures around 160 °C, or 320 °F. [1]
Polymerization in an autoclave is a technique which allows laminates with the best mechanical properties to be obtained, but it is the most expensive and permits only the use of open moulds. The advantage is due to the fact that the pressure helps to bond the composite layers and to eject air inclusions and volatile products, increasing the ...
Out of autoclave (OOA) is a process that achieves the same quality as an autoclave but through a different process. [1] OOA curing achieves the desired fiber content and elimination of voids by placing the layup within a closed mold and applying vacuum, pressure, and heat by means other than an autoclave.
There are several different building performance standards widely used for designing building codes and energy-efficiency certifications. For instance, the standards produced by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers) and the IECC (International Energy Conservation Code) have been widely used to inform local building codes and energy-efficiency ...