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A standing wave. The red dots are the wave nodes. A node is a point along a standing wave where the wave has minimum amplitude. For instance, in a vibrating guitar string, the ends of the string are nodes. By changing the position of the end node through frets, the guitarist changes the effective length of the vibrating string and thereby the ...
By contrast, in a random network, in which all nodes have roughly the same number of connections, deleting a random node is likely to increase the mean-shortest path length slightly but significantly for almost any node deleted. In this sense, random networks are vulnerable to random perturbations, whereas small-world networks are robust.
Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges).
Random walks can be used to sample from a state space which is unknown or very large, for example to pick a random page off the internet. [citation needed] In computer science, this method is known as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). In wireless networking, a random walk is used to model node movement. [citation needed]
An example of complex scale-free network. A network is called scale-free [7] [15] if its degree distribution, i.e., the probability that a node selected uniformly at random has a certain number of links (degree), follows a mathematical function called a power law. The power law implies that the degree distribution of these networks has no ...
The number next to each node is the distance from that node to the square red node as measured by the length of the shortest path. The green edges illustrate one of the two shortest paths between the red square node and the red circle node. The closeness of the red square node is therefore 5/(1+1+1+2+2) = 5/7.
Procedures to identify association, communities, and centrality within nodes in a biological network can provide insight into the relationships of whatever the nodes represent whether they are genes, species, etc. Formulation of these methods transcends disciplines and relies heavily on graph theory, computer science, and bioinformatics.
Node of Ranvier, periodic gaps in the insulating myelin sheaths of myelinated axons; Sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node, specialized tissues in the heart responsible for initiating and coordinating the heartbeat; Primitive knot or primitive node, the organizer tissue for gastrulation in vertebrates; The place on a plant stem where a leaf ...