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The red curve shows measured global mean temperature, according to HadCRUT4 data from 1850 to 2013. Hockey stick graphs present the global or hemispherical mean temperature record of the past 500 to 2000 years as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions based on climate proxy records.
Global surface temperature (GST) is the average temperature of Earth's surface. More precisely, it is the weighted average of the temperatures over the ocean and land. The former is also called sea surface temperature and the latter is called surface air temperature. Temperature data comes mainly from weather stations and satellites.
The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth is measured at meteorological observatories and weather stations, usually using thermometers placed in a shelter such as a Stevenson screen—a standardized, well-ventilated, white-painted instrument shelter. The thermometers should be positioned 1.25–2 m above the ground.
The current official highest registered air temperature on Earth is 56.7 °C (134.1 °F), recorded on 10 July 1913 at Furnace Creek Ranch, in Death Valley in the United States. [1] For few years, a former record that was measured in Libya had been in place, until it was decertified in 2012 based on evidence that it was an erroneous reading.
Earth will interact tidally with the Sun's outer atmosphere, which would decrease Earth's orbital radius. Drag from the chromosphere of the Sun would reduce Earth's orbit. These effects will counterbalance the impact of mass loss by the Sun, and the Sun will likely engulf Earth in about 7.59 billion years from now. [17]
Of the most prominent pre-Google search engines, AltaVista is one of the most memorable. On the day it launched in December 1995, it quickly amassed more than 300,000 visitors.
Money transformed the entire idea of the barter system. A medium of exchange for centuries, it keeps the world in flow, enables countries to trade, store wealth and foster friendly relationships.
Cannibalism also exists today in some African militias. Joshua Milton Blahyi, or General Butt Naked as he was once known, was a former warlord in Liberia during the mid '90s.