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The middle cranial fossa is formed by the sphenoid bones, and the temporal bones. It lodges the temporal lobes, and the pituitary gland. [1] [2] It is deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest.
The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain. [3] The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association. [4]: 21 Temporal refers to the head's temples.
Middle temporal gyrus is a gyrus in the brain on the temporal lobe. It is located between the superior temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. It corresponds largely to Brodmann area 21. The middle temporal gyrus is bounded by: the superior temporal sulcus above; the inferior temporal sulcus below;
In 1825, Bouchet and Cazauvieilh described palpable firmness and atrophy of the uncus and medial temporal lobe of brains from epileptic and non-epileptic individuals. [4]: 565 In 1880, Wilhelm Sommer investigated 90 brains and described the classical Ammon's horn sclerosis pattern, severe neuronal cell loss in hippocampal subfield cornum Ammonis 1 (CA1) and some neuronal cell loss in ...
Connectograms are circular, with the left half depicting the left hemisphere and the right half depicting the right hemisphere. The hemispheres are further broken down into frontal lobe, insular cortex, limbic lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, subcortical structures, and cerebellum. At the bottom the brain stem is also ...
It is separated from the apex of the temporal lobe by a sulcus called the rhinal sulcus. [1] Although superficially continuous with the hippocampal gyrus, the uncus forms morphologically a part of the rhinencephalon. An important landmark that crosses the inferior surface of the uncus is the band of Giacomini or tail of the dentate gyrus. [2]
The parietal-temporal-occipital (PTO) association area, also referred to as the temporo-parieto-occipital (TPO) junction, is an area within the cerebral cortex where the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes meet. [1] High level of interpreting meaningful signals in the surrounding sensory area. They have functional subareas:
Hippocampal sclerosis including Ammon's horn sclerosis that is specific to the mesial temporal lobe, is the most common type of such tissue damage. [ 129 ] [ 130 ] It is not yet clear, however, whether the epilepsy is usually caused by hippocampal abnormalities or whether the hippocampus is damaged by cumulative effects of seizures. [ 131 ]