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  2. List of musical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols

    Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...

  3. Concert program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_program

    1846 concert showing audience with program notes. Program notes or annotated concert programs are common where contemporary or classical music is being performed. These were introduced in Edinburgh and London in the 1840s, first for chamber music concerts, notably by John Ella and his Musical Union, under the name "Synoptical Analysis". They ...

  4. Clef - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clef

    Diagram of treble, alto and bass clefs with identical-sounding musical notes aligned vertically Middle C represented on (from left to right) treble, alto, tenor and bass clefs Three clefs aligned to middle C. A clef (from French: clef 'key') is a musical symbol used to indicate which notes are represented by the lines and spaces on a musical ...

  5. Musical notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_notation

    Music from the Romantic music era and later, particularly contemporary classical music and rock music genres such as progressive rock and the hardcore punk subgenre mathcore, may use mixed meter; songs or pieces change from one meter to another, for example alternating between bars of 5

  6. Parsons code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsons_code

    The Parsons code, formally named the Parsons code for melodic contours, is a simple notation used to identify a piece of music through melodic motion – movements of the pitch up and down. [1] [2] Denys Parsons (father of Alan Parsons [3]) developed this system for his 1975 book The Directory of Tunes and Musical Themes. Representing a melody ...

  7. Tonic (music) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonic_(music)

    In music, the tonic is the first scale degree of the diatonic scale (the first note of a scale) and the tonal center or final resolution tone [1] that is commonly used in the final cadence in tonal (musical key-based) classical music, popular music, and traditional music. In the movable do solfège system, the tonic note is sung as do.

  8. Ledger line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledger_line

    A ledger line or leger line is used in Western musical notation to notate pitches above or below the lines and spaces of the regular musical staff.A line slightly longer than the note head is drawn parallel to the staff, above or below, spaced at the same distance as the lines within the staff.

  9. Quartal and quintal harmony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartal_and_quintal_harmony

    The terms quartal and quintal imply a contrast, either compositional or perceptual, with traditional harmonic constructions based on thirds: listeners familiar with music of the common practice period are guided by tonalities constructed with familiar elements: the chords that make up major and minor scales, all in turn built from major and minor thirds.