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Yellow supergiants generally have spectral types of F and G, although sometimes late A or early K stars are included. [1] [2] [3] These spectral types are characterised by hydrogen lines that are very strong in class A, weakening through F and G until they are very weak or absent in class K. Calcium H and K lines are present in late A spectra, but stronger in class F, and strongest in class G ...
Betelgeuse is a red supergiant that has evolved from an O-type main-sequence star. After core hydrogen exhaustion, Betelgeuse evolved into a blue supergiant before evolving into its current red supergiant form. [98] Its core will eventually collapse, producing a supernova explosion and leaving behind a compact remnant. The details depend on the ...
Rigel, the brightest star in the constellation Orion is a typical blue-white supergiant; the three stars of Orion's Belt are all blue supergiants; Deneb is the brightest star in Cygnus, another blue supergiant; and Delta Cephei (itself the prototype) and Polaris are Cepheid variables and yellow supergiants.
The term "hypergiant" was used as early as 1929, but not for the stars currently known as hypergiants. [1] Hypergiants are defined by their '0' luminosity class, and are higher in luminosity than the brightest supergiants of class Ia, [2] although they were not referred to as hypergiants until the late 1970s. [3]
A fast yellow pulsating supergiant (FYPS) is a luminous yellow supergiant with pulsations shorter than a day. They are thought to have evolved beyond a red supergiant phase, but the mechanism for the pulsations is unknown. The class was named in 2020 through analysis of TESS observations. [30]
The primary component of the φ Cassiopeiae system is a very luminous yellow supergiant. Its absolute magnitude is comparable to some yellow hypergiants but it does not show the level of mass loss and instability that would qualify it as a hypergiant itself.
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Alpha Leporis has a stellar classification of F0 Ib, [4] with the Ib luminosity class indicating that it is a lower luminosity yellow supergiant star. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified. [ 20 ]