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2. Speed of light - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_Light

   A method of measuring the speed of light is to measure the time needed for light to travel to a mirror at a known distance and back. This is the working principle behind experiments by Hippolyte Fizeau and Léon Foucault. The setup as used by Fizeau consists of a beam of light directed at a mirror 8 kilometres (5 mi) away. On the way from the ...

3. Foucault's measurements of the speed of light - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foucault's_measurements_of...

   In 1845, Arago suggested to Fizeau and Foucault that they attempt to measure the speed of light. Sometime in 1849, however, it appears that the two had a falling out, and they parted ways. [5]: 124 [3] In 1848−49, Fizeau used, not a rotating mirror, but a toothed wheel apparatus to perform an absolute measurement of the speed of light in air.

4. Rømer's determination of the speed of light - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rømer's_determination_of...

   Depending on the value assumed for the astronomical unit, this yields the speed of light as just a little more than 300,000 kilometres per second. The first measurements of the speed of light using completely terrestrial apparatus were published in 1849 by Hippolyte Fizeau (1819–96). Compared to values accepted today, Fizeau's result (about ...

5. Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in air - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizeau's_measurement_of_the...

   At 3 times the speed it was again eclipsed. [3] [4] Given the rotational speed of the wheel and the distance between the wheel and the mirror, Fizeau was able to calculate a value of 2 × 8633m × 720 × 25.2/s = 313,274,304 m/s for the speed of light. Fizeau's value for the speed of light was 4.5% too high. [5] The correct value is 299,792,458 ...

6. One-way speed of light - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-way_speed_of_light

   The two-way speed of light is the average speed of light from one point, such as a source, to a mirror and back again. Because the light starts and finishes in the same place, only one clock is needed to measure the total time; thus, this speed can be experimentally determined independently of any clock synchronization scheme.

7. Michelson–Morley experiment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson–Morley_experiment

   For instance, the Fizeau wheel could measure the speed of light to perhaps 5% accuracy, which was quite inadequate for measuring directly a first-order 0.01% change in the speed of light. A number of physicists therefore attempted to make measurements of indirect first-order effects not of the speed of light itself, but of variations in the ...

8. Albert A. Michelson - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson

   Albert Abraham Michelson (surname pronunciation anglicized as Michael-son; December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist of Polish-Jewish ancestry known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.

9. Fizeau experiment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizeau_experiment

   Figure 1. Apparatus used in the Fizeau experiment. The Fizeau experiment was carried out by Hippolyte Fizeau in 1851 to measure the relative speeds of light in moving water. . Fizeau used a special interferometer arrangement to measure the effect of movement of a medium upon the speed of lig