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Megacolon is an abnormal dilation of the colon (also called the large intestine). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This leads to hypertrophy of the colon. [ 2 ] The dilation is often accompanied by a paralysis of the peristaltic movements of the bowel.
Toxic megacolon is an acute form of colonic distension. [2] It is characterized by a very dilated colon ( megacolon ), accompanied by abdominal distension ( bloating ), and sometimes fever , abdominal pain , or shock .
Cancer in cats can occur in any location or body system, [3] and most symptoms can be detected externally. [2] While each type of cancer has its own distinctive symptoms, most indicate their presence by the occurrence and the prolonged presence of any common symptom. [1] Some of the general symptoms of cancer in cats are: [3]
Cisapride is still available in the United States and Canada for use in animals, and is commonly prescribed by veterinarians to treat megacolon in cats. Cisapride is also commonly used to treat GI stasis in rabbits, sometimes in conjunction with metoclopramide (Reglan).
In cats, perineal hernias are seen most commonly following perineal urethrostomy surgery or secondary to megacolon. [11] Medical treatment consists of treatment of the underlying disease, enemas, and stool softeners. Because only about 20 percent of cases treated medically are free of symptoms, surgery is often necessary. [11]
The condition is usually caused by Gram-positive enteric commensal bacteria of the gut (). Clostridioides difficile is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly causes severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics, causing pseudomembranous colitis, whereas Clostridium septicum is responsible for most cases of neutropenic enterocolitis.
Complications include toxic megacolon, dehydration and sepsis.Such complications generally occur in young children (< 1 year of age) and immunocompromised people. A chronic course of the disease is possible; this disease process is likely to develop without a distinct acute phase.
Symptoms of ischemic colitis vary depending on the severity of the ischemia. The most common early signs of ischemic colitis include abdominal pain (often left-sided), with mild to moderate amounts of rectal bleeding. [11] The sensitivity of findings among 73 patients were: [12] abdominal pain (78%) lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding (62%)