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Chloroquine has been extensively used in mass drug administrations, which may have contributed to the emergence and spread of resistance. It is recommended to check if chloroquine is still effective in the region prior to using it. [11] In areas where resistance is present, other antimalarials, such as mefloquine or atovaquone, may be used instead.
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have numerous, potentially serious, side effects, such as retinopathy, hypoglycemia, or life-threatening arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. [26] Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis , lupus , and porphyria cutanea tarda .
For a time, it was hoped that hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine, drugs commonly used to treat lupus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and malaria, would be key weapons in the fight against ...
Tinnitus (a hearing impairment), rashes, vertigo, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are the most common symptoms. Neurological effects are experienced in some cases due to the drug's neurotoxic properties. These actions are mediated through the interactions of quinine causing a decrease in the excitability of the motor neuron end plates.
The medication, best known for use against malaria and autoimmune disorders, has been touted as a possible answer to COVID-19 by President Donald Trump.
In areas where chloroquine remains effective: chloroquine 300 mg once weekly, and proguanil 200 mg once daily (started one week before travel, and continued for four weeks after returning); hydroxychloroquine 400 mg once weekly (started one to two weeks before travel and continued for four weeks after returning)
Signs and symptoms are also applied to physiological states outside the context of disease, as for example when referring to the signs and symptoms of pregnancy, or the symptoms of dehydration. Sometimes a disease may be present without showing any signs or symptoms when it is known as being asymptomatic . [ 13 ]