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Hyphema is the medical condition of bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye between the iris and the cornea. [1] People usually first notice a loss or decrease in vision. [1] The eye may also appear to have a reddish tinge, or it may appear as a small pool of blood at the bottom of the iris in the cornea.
The anterior chamber is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium. [1] Hyphema, anterior uveitis and glaucoma are three main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber as a result of a hemorrhage, most commonly after a blunt eye injury.
Uveitis–glaucoma–hyphaema (UGH) syndrome, also known as Ellingson syndrome, is a complication of cataract surgery, caused by intraocular lens subluxation or dislocation. The chafing of mispositioned intraocular lens over iris, ciliary body or iridocorneal angle cause elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) anterior uveitis and hyphema. It is ...
Intraocular hemorrhage is classified based on the location of the bleeding: Hyphema (in the anterior chamber) Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) is a rare complication of intraocular surgery in which blood from the ciliary arteries enters the space between the choroid and the sclera. It is potentially vision-threatening. [3] [4]
Diagnosis is made by an ophthalmologist or optometrist based on the clinical presentation. One indication can be the Amsler sign, which is the presence of blood (hyphema) in the aspirated vitreous fluid, in paracentesis of the anterior chamber. This is caused due to iris atrophy usually seen in FHI and exposure of the fragile iris vasculature ...
Amsler sign also known as Amsler–Verrey sign is the name of the diagnostic finding seen in people with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). It is described as presence of blood in the aspirated aqueous fluid, in paracentesis of the anterior chamber, and is caused due to iris atrophy usually seen in FHI and exposure of the fragile iris vasculature to the aqueous fluid.
It is an exudate rich in white blood cells, seen in the anterior chamber, usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera. It is a sign of inflammation of the anterior uvea and iris, i.e. iritis, which is a form of anterior uveitis. The exudate settles at the dependent aspect of the eye due to gravity.
Uveitis is described anatomically, by the part of the eye affected, as anterior, intermediate or posterior, or panuveitic if all parts are involved. Anterior uveitis ( iridocyclitis ) is the most common, with the incidence of uveitis overall affecting approximately 1:4500, most commonly those between the ages of 20–60.