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The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, [1] except at the articular surfaces (i.e. the parts within a joint space) of long bones. (At the joints of long bones the bone's outer surface is lined with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage .)
This is covered by a membrane of connective tissue called the periosteum. Beneath the cortical bone layer is a layer of spongy cancellous bone. Inside this is the medullary cavity which has an inner core of bone marrow, it contains nutrients and help in formation of cells, made up of yellow marrow in the adult and red marrow in the child.
This newly formed bone can be called "periosteal bone" as it originates from the transformed periosteum. However, considering its developmental pathway, it could be classified as "intramembranous bone". [8] After the formation of the periosteum, chondrocytes in the primary center of ossification begin to grow (hypertrophy).
The alveolar process comprises cells and periosteum, also encompassing nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. [7] The alveolar crest terminates uniformly at about the neck of the teeth (within about 1 to 2 millimetres in a healthy specimen), [13] [14] while the alveolar process terminates along the line of the mandibular canal.
Volkmann's canals, also known as perforating holes or channels, are anatomic arrangements in cortical bones that allow blood vessels to enter the bones from periosteum.They interconnect the Haversian canals (running inside osteons) with each other and the periosteum.
Does anyone have a good photo of an example of periosteum in a person? That would be a good link, and I'm interested in seeing it, as well as reading more about the definition. Thanks. Any picture of the exterior of a bone is essentially a picture of the periosteum. It's the white coating on the outside of a bone. WLU 22:56, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
It is called the periosteum, or the periosteal surface. During bone growth , the width of the bone increases as osteoblasts lay new bone tissue at the periosteum. To prevent the bone from becoming unnecessarily thick, osteoclasts resorb the bone from the endosteal side.
The periosteum is one source of precursor cells that develop into chondroblasts and osteoblasts that are essential to the healing of bone. Other sources of precursor cells are the bone marrow (when present), endosteum , small blood vessels , and fibroblasts .