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Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula Na H.This alkali metal hydride is primarily used as a strong yet combustible base in organic synthesis.NaH is a saline (salt-like) hydride, composed of Na + and H − ions, in contrast to molecular hydrides such as borane, silane, germane, ammonia, and methane.
Hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride are used as strong bases in organic synthesis. The hydride reacts with the weak Bronsted acid releasing H 2. Hydrides such as calcium hydride are used as desiccants, i.e. drying agents, to remove trace water from organic solvents. The hydride reacts with water forming hydrogen and hydroxide ...
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
Sodium borohydride is an odorless white to gray-white microcrystalline powder that often forms lumps. It can be purified by recrystallization from warm (50 °C) diglyme. [10] Sodium borohydride is soluble in protic solvents such as water and lower alcohols. It also reacts with these protic solvents to produce H 2; however, these reactions are ...
Sodium amide is a common reagent with a long history of laboratory use. [9] It can decompose violently on contact with water, producing ammonia and sodium hydroxide: NaNH 2 + H 2 O → NH 3 + NaOH. When burned in oxygen, it will give oxides of sodium (which react with the produced water, giving sodium hydroxide) along with nitrogen oxides:
Another example is chloral hydrate, CCl 3 −CH(OH) 2, which can be formed by reaction of water with chloral, CCl 3 −CH=O. Many organic molecules, as well as inorganic molecules, form crystals that incorporate water into the crystalline structure without chemical alteration of the organic molecule (water of crystallization).
In forming hydrogen gas, the hydride deprotonates either ammonia, re-forming sodium amide, or the product, 2-aminopyridine. A workup step with acid is included to ensure formation of 2-aminopyridine. Reaction progress can be measured by the formation of hydrogen gas and red color from σ-adduct formation. [3]
The hydrogen is dangerous and could ignite with the oxygen in the air, so the chemical procedure should be done in an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen). Deprotonation can be an important step in a chemical reaction. Acid–base reactions typically occur faster than any other step which may determine the product of a reaction. The conjugate base ...