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In Gaelic, possessive determiners are used mostly to indicate inalienable possession, for example for body parts or family members. As indicated in the following table, some possessive determiners lenite the following word.
There is no indefinite article in Irish; the word appears by itself, for example: Tá peann agam. – "I have a pen", Tá madra sa seomra. – "There's a dog in the room". When two definite noun phrases appear as part of a genitive construction (equivalent to the X of the Y in English), only the noun phrase in the genitive takes the article.
Labhraíonn speak. PRES Mícheál Mícheál Gaeilge Irish le with Cáit Cáit go PTC minic. often Labhraíonn Mícheál Gaeilge le Cáit go minic. speak.PRES Mícheál Irish with Cáit PTC often Mícheál often speaks Irish with Cáit. Questions and answers Irish has no words for "yes" and "no". The answer to a question contains a repetition (the same as in Latin) of the verb, either with or ...
In the examples below, verbs ending with "broad" consonants are shown above those ending with "slender" consonants. In the imperfect, preterite, and conditional, a consonant-initial stem undergoes lenition (and dialectally is preceded by do ), while a vowel-initial stem is prefixed by d’ .
Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish.A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar. [1]
An Caighdeán Oifigiúil ([ənˠ ˌkəidʲaːn̪ˠ ˈɛfʲɪɟuːlʲ], "The Official Standard"), often shortened to An Caighdeán, also known as Standard Irish, is the variety of the Irish language that is used as the standard or state norm for the spelling and the grammar of the language and is used in official publications and taught in most schools in the Republic of Ireland.
In the system of initial consonant mutations, the initial consonant of a word is modified in one or another way, depending on the nature of the preceding word: la tech /la tʲex/ "towards a house" vs. fo thech /fo θʲex/ "under a house", i tech /i dʲex/ "into a house", with the alternation /t ~ θ ~ d/ in the initial consonant of tech "house" triggered by the preceding preposition.
In some Munster Irish varieties as well as the old literary language, the dative singular is distinct and ends in a slender consonant (in effect the dative sg. is formed by palatalizing the genitive sg.), for example, do phearsain "to a person", ón gcathraigh "from the city".